It is required that authors send their papers electronically through the online submission and review page (irijournal.org) or to the issue editor via email (info@irijournal.org or irijournal24@gmail.com). MS-word or PDF files created using Latex are the only ones that are accepted. This website will walk authors through the step-by-step submitting procedure. Text, tables, and graphs should be submitted online together with the article or sent electronically to the emails by the authors. If an author cannot provide a digital format or has other problems that prevent electronic submission, they must speak with the Issue Editor about other options before submitting. Submissions that do not adhere to these guidelines will not be considered.
Processing and Publication Charges (APC)
There is no processing fee. Following the acceptance of an article for publication, a publication fee of sixty dollar ($60) payment can be made online via the link:
https://globalskillshub.co.uk/register-for-a-training/ols/products/international-research-and-innovation-journal-publication-fee
Similarly, authors from Nigeria are to pay APC of thirty thousand Naira (#30,000) to JNI SEMINERS, GUARANTY TRUST BANK, 0051674620.
The evidence of payment should be submitted to the Editor using the provided email addresses.
Submission Checklist
Before sending your manuscript for evaluation, you can use this list to help you do a thorough review. For further information, please refer to the appropriate section in the Guide for Authors.
The following items should be included:
A corresponding author has been assigned, and each author are required to supply their email address and the full mailing address of their affiliated organization.
The required files have all been uploaded.
Manuscript: Include keywords in your manuscript.
2000 IRIJ Subject Classification
Tables must have titles, descriptions, and footnotes, and figures should have the proper captions. Citations for figures and tables in the text must correspond to the supplied files. Please clearly specify if any figures in the print should be colored. Provide supplemental files (if applicable)
Additional considerations:
a. The manuscript has undergone a spelling and grammar check.
b. Every in-text citation are included in the Reference List, and every source in the Reference List are cited in the text. There must be consistency between the citation style used in the references and the main text.
c. The Internet and other sources of copyrighted content have been used with permission.
Even if there are no competing interests for the authors to disclose, a statement of competing interests should still be provided.
Plagiarism
Authors must give credit when using someone else's words, numbers, or concepts. Reusing words must be kept to a minimum and must be acknowledged or quoted within the text. When a source is mentioned in the text, it must be cited.
Authors may face consequences if their manuscripts are discovered to contain plagiarism from another author's work, whether it has been published or not. Any articles that have been published may require retraction or correction.
Declaration of Interest
Authors are required to declare any intimate or financial relationships to other individuals or groups that might unjustly affect (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, grants, and other forms of funding.
Authors have two places to declare any conflicts of interest:
1. The manuscript file or title page file should contain a brief declaration of interest. Should there be no interests to disclose, kindly write "Declarations of interest: none". If the paper is approved, this synopsis will eventually be published.
2. The Journal's official records contain a separate Declaration of Interest form that includes detailed disclosures. It is crucial that possible conflicts be disclosed in both instances and ensure that the data corresponds.
Submission Declaration and Verification
When an article is submitted, it is assumed that the work has not been previously published, nor being considered for publication elsewhere, that all authors have approved its publication, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or any other language, including electronically, without the copyright holder's written consent.
Preprints
In accordance with IRIJ's sharing policy, preprints may be shared at any time and from any location. Preprints will not count as prior publication if shared on a preprint server.
Changes to Authorship
When submitting manuscript, authors are expected to provide the final list of authors after carefully evaluating the list and their order. Author names should only be added, removed, or rearranged in the authorship list prior to manuscript acceptance and with the journal editor's approval. The corresponding author must provide the Editor with the following information in order to request such a change:
a. the rationale behind the modification to the list of authors and
b. written confirmation (letter, email) from each author indicating their agreement with the addition, deletion, or rearrangement. When an author is added or removed, approval from the added or removed author is also included.
Following the acceptance of the manuscript, the editor will only take into account authors who have been added, removed, or rearranged in exceptional cases. Publication of the manuscript will be halted while the Editor reviews the request. If a manuscript has already been published in an online issue, the editor will issue a corrigendum in response to any requests that are approved.
Open Access
A Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License governs the open access of all papers published in this journal.
Subscription
• There is no open access publication fee for authors.
• The accepted manuscript may be posted in the repository of the author's institution.
• With permission to reuse, articles are freely accessible to subscribers and the general public.
Advertising is not allowed except conferences by the publisher, International Research and Innovative Journal
The following Creative Commons user licenses define permitted third party (re)use for all articles:
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY)
Permit other people to distribute and reproduce the article, as well as to produce abstracts, extracts, and other altered, adapted, or derivative works (e.g. translations), incorporate it into a group project (e.g. an anthology), or text and data mine the article, even for profit, provided that they give credit to the author(s), do not imply that the author approves of their adaptation, and do not change the article in a way that compromises the integrity or reputation of the author.
Copyright and license
Any article published in the journal is still protected by the copyright of the author or authors. The publisher is given permission by the authors to publish the work and claim credit as the original publisher. The original authors grant permission for any third party to use the article as long as the article's integrity is maintained and the original authors, citation details, and publisher are identified. These and other terms and conditions of article publication are codified in the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.
Language
Use proper English when writing; either American or British usage is acceptable, but not a combination of the two.
Submission
When you upload your files and enter the details of your article, our online submission system walks you through the process step-by-step. Files are converted by the system into a single PDF file that is used for peer review. Additionally, manuscript can be forwarded to the email address of the Issue Editor (info@irijournal.org or irijournal24@gmail.com). The only files that can be submitted are PDFs created using editable files (MS-word or LaTeX). Nonetheless, in order to help authors who might not be able to typeset in Latex, the Journal can suggest the services of those who can be of help at a token. All correspondence is sent via email, including requests for revision and notifications of the editor's decision.
Peer Review System
This journal employs a close peer review system. Authors' identities are kept secret from the reviewers, and vice versa.
Title page: This should contain the title, authors’ name, affiliations, acknowledgements, and any Declaration of Interest statement. Full details of the corresponding author should also be included.
Editorial Process and Time Frame
The Issue Editor performs the preliminary review and ensures that an article complies with our journal format as specified on the website after it is submitted for publication consideration. If not, the author will be notified in order to make the necessary corrections and resubmit. The paper is rejected and returned to the author or authors for a final decision if the preliminary review and check reveal that it cannot be published.
In the subsequent phase, the paper will be forwarded by the Issue Editor to the relevant Section Editor whose expertise is similar to the submitted work. The Section Editor will forward it to three reviewers whose fields of expertise are related to the paper's topic. They may be foreign, domestic, or both. Additionally, forms for the reviewer are attached for their use. Following up with the Reviewers is expected by the Section Editor to ensure that the reports are turned in as soon as possible, ideally within three months.
Thereafter, the papers are sent to the author(s) to make the necessary corrections and processed for publication based on the Section Editor's recommendations. Reports that require significant reviews are forwarded to the authors for resubmission after revisions are made. The revised papers are then sent back to the reviewer(s) to determine whether they are publishable. If a decision needs to be made, the editor may ask the third reviewer for their opinion. The Section Editor forwards the papers that were accepted to the Issue Editor for Publication as soon as they are deemed suitable for publication. After the authors receive their acceptance and are asked to pay the publication fees, the paper is forwarded to the Journal Technical Staff, who will then provide the authors with a galley proof.
After the Galley Proof is approved by the author(s), the paper is published online within a few days. It takes roughly three to four months from submission to publication.
Publication Regularity
Within a year, four issues are published quarterly. Articles are published immediately after the Issue Editor is satisfied that all the corrections are effected and the authors approved the galley proofs.
Article Structure
Separate your paper into sections that are numbered and clearly defined. The numbering of subsections should be 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, …), 1.2, etc. When numbering sections, the abstract is not included. Avoid referring to 'the text' alone; use this numbering for internal cross-referencing as well. You can give a succinct heading to any subsection. Every heading needs to be on a different line.
Introduction
It is important to outline the goals of the work and give a sufficient background.
Materials and Methods
The materials and methods you used for your research should be sufficiently described in this section to enable other researchers to reproduce your approach.
Results
The outcomes should be precise and succinct.
Discussions
In this section, importance of the work's findings should be examined rather than restating them. A section that combines the Results and Discussions is frequently suitable. Do not discuss published literature in great detail or include numerous citations.
Conclusions
A brief Conclusions section that sums up the study's key findings can be included as a separate section or as a subsection of a Discussions.
Appendices
Multiple appendices can be designated as A, B, etc. Equations and formulae in appendices should be numbered independently: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc; in a later appendix, Eq. (B. 1) and so on. The same pertains to figures and tables: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.
Title Page Information
Title should be brief and informative. Abbreviations and formulae must be avoided. Please make sure that authors’ full name are clearly indicated and spelled correctly. Each name can be added in the respective script, enclosed in parenthesis. The affiliation addresses of the authors should be listed beneath their names. A lower-case superscript letter should be used to indicate all affiliations right after the author's name and before the relevant address. Give the complete details for each affiliation, along with the country name and, if available, the email address of each author.
Indicate who will respond to correspondence during the entire refereeing and publication process, as well as after publication. This duty includes responding to any upcoming inquiries concerning the materials and methodology. The email address of the corresponding author should be provided. Permanent address may be included as a footnote to the author's name. The primary affiliation address must remain the one where the author actually completed the work. These footnotes are written with Arabic numerals in superscript.
Abstract
It should be factual and succinct, with a word count of 150-300 words. The study’s objectives, methodology, results, and conclusions should all be succinctly stated. The abstract should be self-contained and presented separately from the article. Do not include references, and if necessary, list the author and the year. Avoid abbreviations that are non-standard; however, if they are absolutely necessary, they must be defined in the abstract itself at the very first mention.
Highlights
This journal require highlights. They should be uploaded to the online submission system as a separate editable file and should composed of a brief set of bullet points that summarize the article's main findings. Please include three to five bullet points, that each bullet point has a maximum of 150 characters, including spaces and use the word "Highlights" as the file name.
Keywords
Following the abstract, include no more than six keywords. General and plural terms as well as multiple concepts (don't use "and" or "of") should be avoided. Do not use too many acronyms; only those that are well-established in the field may be eligible.
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgments should not be included on the title page. Instead, they should be gathered separately before the references. Those who helped with the research are listed here (e.g. assisting with writing, proofreading the article, offering language support, etc.).
Formatting of Funding Sources
For ease of complying with funder requirements, list funding sources as follows:
Funding: This work was supported by TETFUND [grant number ttt], and [grant number bbb].
Kindly add the following sentence if no funding has been given for the study: This research did not receive any specific grant from public, private, or nonprofit funding organizations.
Footnotes
Use of footnotes should be limited. Number the footnotes sequentially throughout the article. Specify where the footnotes are located within the text and include a separate list of the footnotes at the end of the article. Footnotes should not be included in the Reference list.
Graph/Diagram
Make sure that the original graph or diagram's lettering and size are consistent. Try to use the following fonts in your illustrations: Times New Roman, Arial, or fonts that have a similar appearance. Assign the illustrations numbers based on the order of the text. Give individual illustrations captions and make the illustrations as large as possible to match the intended size of the printed version. Send in individual illustrations as separate files.
Color graph/Diagram
The graph/diagram files should have the right resolution. The acceptable format are JPEG, PDF, or MS Office files. Please specify whether you would prefer color in print or only online. Additional details regarding the creation of an electronic graph or diagram.
Figure captions
Be sure to include a caption for every illustration. Provide captions separately; do not include them with the figure. Caption should include a brief title and an explanation of the illustration. Minimize the amount of text in the illustrations themselves, but make sure to define all of the symbols and acronyms.
Tables
Tables should not be submitted as images but rather as editable text. Tables can appear on separate pages at the end of the article or next to the relevant text. Put any table notes beneath the tables and number the tables sequentially based on how they appear in the text. When using tables, use them sparingly and make sure the information they contain doesn't repeat findings that have already been covered in the article. Please refrain from shading and applying vertical rules to table cells.
References
Citation in text
Make sure that the reference list contains all of the references that are cited in the text, and vice versa. All cited sources in the abstract must be provided in their entirety. Personal communications and unpublished results may be mentioned in the text, but they should not be included in the reference list. If these references appear in the reference list, they should adhere to the journal's standard reference format and replace the publication date with "Unpublished results" or "Personal communication". When a reference is cited as "in press," it indicates that the work has been approved for publication. It should be noted that the references must be arranged in the same order as they are cited in the body of the work.
Reference links
Online links to the cited sources guarantee high-quality peer review and increased discoverability of the research. Please make sure that the information in the references is accurate so that we can create links to abstracting and indexing services. Please be aware that links may not be created if surnames, journal/book titles, publication year, and pagination are all incorrect. Be cautious when copying references because they might already have mistakes in them. It is recommended to use the DOI.
When an article is available online but is still in press and the complete citation information is not yet known, it can be linked to and cited using a DOI. Please take note that the format for these citations should match that of all the other references in the paper.
Web References
The date a reference was last accessed and the complete URL should be provided. Dates, author names, DOI, citation to a source publication, and any other information that may be known should be provided as well. You can list web references separately after the reference list, under a different heading, or may be included in the reference list.
Data References
Include a data reference in your Reference List and cite any underlying or pertinent datasets in your manuscript. Author name(s), dataset titles, data repositories, versions (if available), years, and global persistent identifiers are all appropriate components to include in data references. For the reference to be correctly identified as a data reference, put [dataset] right before it. The published version of your article will not contain the [dataset] identifier.
References in a special issue
When referring to other articles in the same Special Issue, please make sure that the phrase "this issue" is included in both the list and the text.
Repository Policy
Prior to and during the submission process, authors are free to post their pre-publication manuscript on their websites or in institutional repositories. Following publication, they are also free to post the publisher's final formatted PDF version without any restrictions.